Within the City Charter, the enormous challenge presented by the millions of Brazilians who have no access to urban land or housing, except through informal and often illegal means, along with self-help housing, which is often precarious and insecure, is recognized.  The “favela” phenomenon is highlighted; and the lack of basic services and social infrastructure is discussed.  High tax rates existing in Brazilian cities and the implications for the most excluded segments of the population is confirmed.  The environmental implications, regional polarities, small-scale infrastructure investments, are also highlighted